Features of the rapidly progressive periodontitis in patients with nicotine addiction 

Svetlana A. Akimova, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the sub-department of dentistry, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: svetlana.akimova1987@mail.ru
Yuliya L. Osipova, Doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, professor of the sub-department of therapeutic dentistry, Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky (112 Bolshaya Kazachya street, Saratov, Russia), E-mail: osipova-sgmu@mail.ru
Larisa A. Zyulkina, Doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, head of the sub-department of dentistry, Medical Institute, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: larisastom@yandex.ru 

Background. The microbial factor in inflammatory periodontal diseases is decisive. In turn, the pathogenesis of rapidly progressive periodontitis, which also includes a microbial component, appears to be more complex. Many studies demonstrate the ambiguity of the relationship between the amount of periodontal pathogens and the activity of the process of destruction of periodontal tissues and clinical manifestations. In this case, the body's immune response is the main damaging factor that triggers uncontrolled destruction of periodontal tissues. In addition, in patients suffering from rapidly progressive periodontitis, no somatic diseases are detected that can influence the course of the inflammatory process. However, despite the active promotion of a healthy lifestyle, smoking still remains the most important risk factor for the development of periodontal diseases. It was previously revealed that patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis exhibit high activity of apoptosis against the background of weakened regenerative potential of tissues. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in the degree of activity of destructive processes in periodontal tissues in patients suffering from rapidly progressive periodontitis in conditions of nicotine addiction and non-smoking patients. To characterize the degree of differences in hygienic status and severity of clinical manifestations in the above groups. Materials and methods To assess the hygienic status, the OHI-s index was used (Green J. C., Vermillion J. R., 1964), for clinical assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues, the Muhlemann bleeding index modified (Cowell R. et al., 1975), and the PMA index were used (Parma, 1960) and PI (Russel A. L., 1956). Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the dynamics of the processes of destruction and regeneration in tissues by indicating the p53 and ki-67 proteins, respectively. Results. The results of immunohistochemical studies indicate suppression of cell proliferation processes in periodontal tissues with significant activation of apoptosis, which causes high rates of tissue destruction in both groups. However, in the group of smoking patients, a significantly higher level of destruction of periodontal tissue was revealed with a more pronounced suppression of regenerative processes than in non-smokers. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that smoking has a significant impact on the course of rapidly progressive periodontitis, making it more severe. 

rapidly progressive periodontitis, apoptosis, proliferation 

Akimova S.A., Osipova Yu.L., Zyulkina L.A. Features of the rapidly progressive periodontitis in patients with nicotine addiction. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2023;(4):5–13. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2072-3032-2023-4-1